Friday, January 24, 2020

Banning Cars Essay -- Papers benefits pros cons Essays Vehicle

Banning Cars There are always two sides of the story. In this essay I am going show the good points and the bad points about banning cars. Many things have to be considered before a change of this magnitude can happen. I will also express my own opinion to show what a person of the public would think of the change. ====================================================================== The good points weigh out the bad points by a long way. One big reason for this is pollution and the environment. The environment has been effected by cars and their pollution from the time cars were invented. The pollution that comes from cars is made up of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and many other poisonous gases. This kills plants and animals and destroys the ozone layer. The pollution forms a layer in the atmosphere which, keeps the heat in causing global warming and is dangerous to the earth. If cars were banned the demand for petrol would be no where near as much as before. This would mean not as much oil would ...

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Impact of Industrialization on Environment

Impact of Industrialization on Environment OVERVIEW Centuries ago, when there was no active expanding of large cities and industries, nature was able to overcome pollution and keep air fairly clean without outside help. The wind and rain in the form of natural rescuers scattered gases and washed away the dust. However, with increasing industrialization and urbanization, the nature’s system cannot cope with pollution and clean the environment naturally. In comparison with volcanoes, hurricanes, forest fires and other natural disasters, people produce much more wastes that pollute the atmosphere.Thus, the negative impact of industrialization and urbanization processes on the environment is drastic and quite far-reaching. Industrialization in the name of growth has loaded tremendous pressure on environment. Industrialization & environment in the developing countries tries to run hand to hand. But knowingly or unknowingly, industrialization ran faster without caring for environmen t to win the race. The pace of industrialization has increased several folds in last decade.Since the beginning of 19th century people have begun to actively use natural resources and intervene in the sector of biosphere – a living part of our planet. Only for the last 100 years, the development of industry has resulted in industrial processes, negative consequences that people could not even predict. Cities with a population of one million or more appeared and their expansion cannot be stopped. This is the result of great inventions and achievements of mankind. Little by little, we have changed our atmosphere and its chemistry.Nowadays factories are spread around the world and air pollution has become an integral part of our life. Effect: Industrial effluents: Effluent in the artificial sense is in general considered to be water pollution, such as the outflow from a sewage treatment facility or the waste water discharge from industrial facilities. Over 73 million days are lo st annually due to water related diseases. An effluent sump pump, for instance, pumps waste from toilets installed below a main sewage line. Waste water treatment a plant, effluent that has been treated is sometimes called secondary effluent, or treated effluent.This cleaner effluent is then used to feed the bacteria in bio-filters. A thermal power station, the output of the cooling system may be referred to as the effluent cooling water, which is noticeably warmer than the environment. Effluent only refers to liquid discharge. Polluted air: Air pollution refers to the presence of chemical, biological, and particulate matter, and pollutants in the atmosphere around the living spaces. When inhaled, it affects the human biological system, and takes a toll on the quality of life, with the onslaught of a number of respiratory tract disorders.It is a condition triggered by the presence of air-borne pollutants in the air we breathe. These pollutants could either be the result of chemical emissions or the particulate material from biological waste. The condition has reached alarming proportions in the modern world, with large-scale industrialization and vehicle-emissions being the primary culprits. The pollutants that are air-borne cause a lot of harm to humans and animals, other than permanent damage to the natural environment. Effects of Air Pollution on Humans:Cardiopulmonary Disease, Pneumonia, Premature Mortality, Heart Attack, Asthma, Difficulty in Breathing, Wheezing and Coughing, Acute Vascular Dysfunction, Thrombosis / Thrombus Formation, Cystic Fibrosis etc. Noise pollution: Due to the growing noise pollution and industrialization, male birds have to change their tune. Basically, to be heard above the noise of modern day living, to communicate with female birds in hopes to get together and procreate, they often have to sing at a higher pitch.The problem is this is becoming less appealing to the female birds, leaving scientists to worry about what this will eventually do to the mating and population of such birds. Greenhouse gas effect: The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases.Solar radiation at the frequencies of visible light largely passes through the atmosphere to warm the planetary surface, which then emits this energy at the lower frequencies of infrared thermal radiation. Infrared radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases, which in turn re-radiate much of the energy to the surface and lower atmosphere. The mechanism is named after the effect of solar radiation passing through glass and warming a greenhouse, but the way it retains heat is fundamentally different as a greenhouse works by reducing airflow, iso lating the warm air inside the structure so that heat is not lost by convectionAs described above, World over, the industries are becoming increasingly concerned about achieving and demonstrating their environmental performance because of the growing compulsions from tough legislations and mounting public pressures. Environmental disasters such as Bhopal tragedy, Rhine pollution , Chernobyl disaster, acid rain damage ,Ozone Layer Depletion has led to growing public pressures on governments all over the world Which started imposing stringent legislation with severe penalties in environmental issues environmental & safety system.These standards do not lay down specific environmental performance criteria, these are system standards. Which describes the management of environment based on company’s environmental policy , objectives and targets defined on the basis of their significant environmental effects . Industry is becoming increasingly concerned about achieving and demonstra ting sound environmental performance because of growing compulsions from stringent legislation and Mounting public pressure. There was a time, not long ago, when the harm caused in environment due to human and industrial activities was no body’s concern.Pollutants affect not only living environment but also social, cultural, political and aesthetic values. In the recent years there is a growing alertness against this environmental pollution. On the one hand the advancements of science & Technology have added to the human comforts by giving us automobiles, electrical appliance better medicine, better chemical to control harmful insects and pest but on the Approach for Assessing Environment other hand they gave us a very serious problem to face pollution.The continued increase in the pollution coupled with the industrial revolution has had the vital impact on natural resources. The resultant deterioration of environment and fast depletion of natural resources threaten the susta inability of economic development. One of the most pressing and complex challenges facing by our generation are to search out a workable synthesis between economic development and environmental behavior. So friends we need to compromise our needs to maintain a harmony between these two entities i. e. Industry & Environment.

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Healthy Living Involves Health Promotion - 1478 Words

Healthy living involves health promotion activities, and programs to improve and take control over individuals’ health. Osteoporosis is one of the many health challenges individuals face, and is very common among older adults, due to decreased bone strength, which is one of the natural changes that occur with aging in humans. As Osteoporosis does not have a cure, being able to significantly decrease the rate of progression of the disease is something individuals need to focus on. Health promotion benefits individuals by providing information on how to make lifestyle changes to prevent or decrease the symptoms of the health challenge. Nutrition and physical activity are two modifiable factors individuals could begin with to improve health and strength of the bones and to control the health challenge and its complications. †¢ Health promotion in relation to Osteoporosis experienced by the older adult Many individuals do not realize the importance of making healthy lifestyle choices until they are met with a significant health challenge. Ideally, individuals will address unhealthy behaviours before their lifestyle causes them to develop disease. As individuals age, they are prone to developing conditions that may be avoided by lifestyle adjustment. For example, declining bone strength is common among the geriatric population, and this has an impact on carrying out activities of daily living (ADLs), which may lead to a decline in quality of life. Health promotion empowersShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion975 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Promotion Health promotion is defined as the provision of information and/or education to individuals, families and communities that encourage family unity, community commitment, and traditional spiritually that makes positive contributions to their health status (Definition of wellness.Com). It is our job as providers to promote health by any means necessary to improve community wellness. The purpose of health promotion in nursing practice is to deliver health information to individualsRead MoreHaving Control Over Our Health Promotion Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesHealth promotion concept has been used for many decades to enable people have proper control over their health status. Health promotion is the process of enabling individuals to have and increase control of their health to improve their livelihood. In general, health promotion concept revolves around various activities mostly aimed at decreasing the threats and dangers to health. The activities referred herein include various interventions that facilitate health promotion. The interventions includeRead MoreHealth Promotion and Research1278 Words   |  6 Pages11428738 Health Promotion and Research Annual Assignment – Part B. NU1S01 Health Promotion and Research. Naidoo and Wills (2009) identified five approaches to health promotion, these are medical, behavioural change, empowerment, educational and social policy. Each of the above approaches are important, relevant ways for a nurse to promote good health and healthy living for service users in their care. However, this assignment chooses to focus on three of the five approaches in particular, the MedicalRead MoreHealth Promotion For Combating Obesity973 Words   |  4 Pages metabolic syndrome, orthopaedic complications, and a reduced life expectancy. Health promotion to combat childhood obesity is therefore needed to prevent childhood obesity and the medical risks associated with obesity. The theoretical framework that will be used is the behaviour change wheel which would guide research on health promotion techniques to prevent obesity. This essay reviews literature on health promotion for combating obesity. Childhood obesity prevalence rates have doubled up in theRead MoreThe Health Promotion Initiative Of The Ottawa Charter826 Words   |  4 PagesThe ‘Close the Gap’ campaign is a health promotion initiative that focuses on the lifestyle and decisions of indigenous people in Australia as well as explaining how the Australian government needs to focus on closing the gap of poor health between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Through the ‘Close the Gap’ campaign it advocates the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter, which are of the following: Developing Personal Skills ‘Developing Personal Skills’ refers to the provision of informationRead More Health Promotion among Diverse Populations Essays1267 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Health Promotion among Diverse Populations Lisa A. Jennings Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V January 25, 2015 Title Hispanics are the largest and fastest growing ethnic minority group and there are estimated to be about 54 million living in the United States (Office of Minority Health Health Equity, YEAR). The Hispanics are a minority group that struggle every day to survive, to provide for their families, to stay healthy and to live quality lives. This paper will discuss theRead MoreHealth Promotion in Nursing Practice Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesHEALTH PROMOTION IN NURSING PRACTICE Nursing Role and Responsibilities In health Promotion 7 January 2012 Nursing Roles and Responsibilities in Health Promotion Health promotion has become priority issues and future directions for health professions from a world perspective. By focusing on individuals, families, communities, and the environments in which people live, work, and play the health care professionals today are vital links for promoting national and international health. NursesRead MoreHealthpromotion.Docx1.656 Words   |  3 PagesRunning head: Health Promotion Health Promotion Tina Butler Grand Canyon University Family-Centered Health Promotion NRS-429V Kimberly Stout July 28, 2012 Health Promotion The responsibility to increase quality and years of healthy living can be challenging, each individual as well as the United States Health Care Delivery System plays an important role in improving our Nations health. â€Å"Health promotion is defined as helping people to discover the interactions between their core passionRead MoreUnderstanding Health And Health Promotion1348 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of both health and health promotion. I have determined that there is no â€Å"correct† way to describe these concepts, but multiple conceptualizations of each. An individual’s health status can be determined using a wide variety of factors, and there are several different methods of promoting health. This paper aims to identify the concepts that I believe define health and health promotion most accurately, based on my personal opinions and experiences. In my opinion, health is all encompassingRead MoreHealth Promotion1025 Words   |  5 PagesLevels of Health Promotion Health promotion is essential in keeping society and individuals healthy. Health promotion empowers communities and individuals for healthy living through education. The primary goal of health promotion is prevention. Nurses are key in health promotion and will be seen in diverse settings as health promotion evolves the nursing profession. There are three levels to health promotion that are utilized to optimize health. Definition of Health Promotion The World Organization

Monday, December 30, 2019

The Effects Of Global Warming On Australia Essay - 1091 Words

Li Ho Man 18398931 Introduction Global warming is a phenomenon leading to climate change. Human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of greenhouse gases. These gases absorb infrared radiation and cover the atmosphere. More and more infrared radiation is inside the Earth, which becomes warmer. This process is called global warming (Houghton, 2005). Australia is one of the countries, which is suffering from climate change. The average temperature of Australia has increased by 0.7 °C since the past century. Average precipitation in the southwest and southeast in Australia will decrease in future decades, while northwest regions will increase in precipitation. Moreover, Australia’s coastlines will suffer from erosion and inundation because it is estimated that there will be an 8–88 cm increasing global sea level (Preston and Jones, 2006). Owing to climate change, Australia’s biodiversity, ecosystems, and natural habitats are destroyed. For example, the habitat of the Great Barrier Reef and coral communities are disappearing (Preston and Jones, 2006). Owing to the effects and it is energy crisis in the future, exploring the renewable energy source feasibility and sustainable development is necessary. Therefore, in the long term, the potential of wind energy and solar energy could be the answer to global warming in Australia and determine the current barriers to renewable energy in terms of the energy industry and the locations in Australia.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Global Warming On Australia Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Global warming is a phenomenon leading to climate change. Human being, particularly the burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of polluted gases. These gases absorb infrared radiation and cover the atmosphere. Increasingly infrared radiation is inside the Earth, which becomes warmer. This process is called global warming (Houghton, 2005). Australia is one of the countries, which is suffering from climate change. The average temperature of Australia has increased by 0.7 °C sinceRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Serious Problem1177 Words   |  5 PagesRecently, global warming has become a serious problem in Australia. Global warming is a naturalized phenomenon. In general, global warming always caused by the emission of carbon dioxide. Then the Earth’s surface and ocean temperature get warmer. People burn fossil fuels such as oil and coal could create greenhouse gases to the atmospheric layer. (Oxford, 2016) Both the releasing in automobile exhaust and decreasing in the f orested area also can make the global warming. Hence, global warming would makeRead MoreEnvironmental Issues Of The Great Barrier Reef980 Words   |  4 PagesOne environmental issues posted on the Facebook group on Ecologically Conscious Social is climate change’s effect impacts on the Great Barrier Reef where is one of the UNESCO world heritage sites. The Great Barrier Reef is located in Queensland, state of Australia. A concern raised by a group of environmentalists over a threat to the Great Barrier Reef is carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that emit from the burning of coal. The federation government environment minister, Mr. Greg Hunt approved a 16Read MoreWhat Are The Differences Between Climate Change And Global Warming?1318 Words   |  6 Pages5 earths (Last year I completed the same series of questions and was told that my estimation was 4 earths, so I have improved my footprint a little bit) Task 4: Textbook Questions: REMEMBER: 1. What is the difference between climate change and global warming? According to the Australian Parliamentary report on climate change (released 2015) climate change refers to the clear, sustained change of temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure or winds in a particular region or climate. It is alsoRead MoreGlobal Warming : Climate Change1642 Words   |  7 PagesIt is established that the Earth is warming, climate change is caused by the steady rise of temperature in our atmosphere and oceans, this is also known as global warming. Energy from the sun that enters the Earths atmosphere is reflected back into space but some is absorbed by greenhouse gasses which radiates the energy to create heat. Greenhouse gasses have been on this planet since it was formed, they keep life on Earth living. Without greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere the Earths temperatureRead MoreGlobal Warming Has A Effect On The Size Of The Vector Population912 Words   |  4 Pages sandflies and blackflies.14 The largest health impact from global warming worldwide would occur from vector-borne infectious diseases because arthropod vectors are cold-blooded and thus, are very sensitive to climatic factors.4,14 Therefore, vectors and pathogens are predominantly affected by high temperature, as weather affects their survival and reproduction rates, habitat suitability, and abundance.7,14 Consequently, global warming has a direct impact on the size of the vector population. MalariaRead MoreThe Threat Of Global Warming988 Words   |  4 Pagescatastrophic global warming have been found, after nearly two decades of temperature stasis, to be in error,† writes Maurice Newman, chief business advisor to Aust ralian Prime Minister Tony Abbott (Dunn). With this bold declaration, Australia thrust itself onto the international stage where it was widely criticized and condemned by the United Nations and environmental supporters worldwide. Already behind the world in climate change legislation, Australia quickly became the face of global warming denialRead MoreEssay on Global Warming1343 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming first mentioned by ‘Svante August Arrhenius in 1896’, but in ‘1753, Joseph Black discovered carbon dioxide’ and in ‘1827, Jean-Batiste Fourier suggested that atmospheric effect kept the earth warmer than it would otherwise be’, (Direct.gov. n.d. A history of climate change). Since this time, reports, and study have be done with graphs to show the impact of global warming and what could happen to our planet. In 1979, the first conference was held this was called ‘International climateRead MoreEnvironmental Issues Of Great Barri er Reef914 Words   |  4 PagesOne environmental issues posted on the facebook group on Ecologically Conscious Social is climate change’s effect impacts on Great Barrier Reef where is one of the UNESCO world heritage sites. Great Barrier Reef is located in Queensland, Australia. Environmentalists raised concerns over emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) that poses significant threat to the world heritage site is carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions emit from burning of coal that produced from Adani mining company. The concerns were happenedRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1025 Words   |  5 PagesJacob Keirns Persuasive Paper Miss Beverly March 22, 2016 Global Warming â€Å"Some men aren t looking for anything logical, like money. They can t be bought, bullied, reasoned or negotiated with. Some men just want to watch the world burn.† -Christopher Nolan The late nineteenth century was a time of immense discovery, particularly in the world of science. First theorized in the 1890s, the idea of global warming has been around for just over 100 years, despite it’s relatively recent gain in traction

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Analysis of Aaron Alexiss Case - 996 Words

Aaron Alexis’s case could have been avoided if gun laws had been more reliable. Investigators believe that the victims of Aaron Alexis, the navy yard shooter, were selected at random because there was no evidence that a single event triggered Alexis’s violent outburst. Alexis shot twelve people with no indication of a motive. (Hermann) What he did have, though, was a mental illness. He had showed signs of psychosis, but never received any treatment. (Tanfani) Police knew about his delusions and were worried about them; however, there were no reports that he had been hospitalized, although he spent time in the Veterans Affairs Hospital for Insomnia. When doctors there asked if he was depressed or suicidal, he said no. Because there†¦show more content†¦This was unlike him. Stone was a very good-natured person who was cursed with his mental illness. He was the father of four young girls who he would have never decided to leave had he been in his right state of mind. (Agostine) In Indiana, law allows police to seize guns from people who are threatening to harm themselves or others without a warrant. (26) Regardless of whether or not they’ve been found to have a mental illness, it is a very effective method because it allows police to take away a weapon that has the potential to do quite a bit of damage in a very short time. Had Stone’s gun been confiscated, he might not have done what he did. One flaw: Stone acted on an impulse directed by his mental illness. If police were able to legally take away a person’s firearms because he/she was diagnosed with a mental illness, then less damage could have been done in regard to the firearm’s capability of destructi on. Many things can be done differently in order to provide a safer, yet fair way to manage who can and cannot purchase firearms. One change that could be made is a mental evaluation directly before a person can legally purchase a gun. This would help because people who pose an immediate threat would not be able to purchase a gun or other firearm during that time, when they might be considered the most dangerous. However, some people would have no

Saturday, December 14, 2019

American Red Cross Free Essays

†¢American Red Cross Review one organization’s philosophy, mission, vision, and values statements. These are the organization’s espoused values: What the organization says it values. Conduct research in the University Library to find articles about the organization’s enacted values: What the company actually does. We will write a custom essay sample on American Red Cross or any similar topic only for you Order Now Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper based on your review and research in which you complete the following: †¢Briefly describe the culture of the chosen organization, noting whether the organization’s espoused values align with its enacted values. To what extent is communication in an organization determined by the organization’s culture? †¢Describe the role communication plays in perception and organizational culture. How might misalignment between espoused values and enacted values affect perceptions within an organization? †¢Identify the role of conflict in group communication. How might the organization you chose use conflict to improve communication within and among groups? Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines? To be a successful organization, where the main moral fiber is ongoing change, an entity must always remember who they are and what they symbolize in a community. This behavior is best described and performed in a company’s mission statement and displayed in the corporate and organizational culture. For a successful presentation, all members of a team or organization must act in accordance with the beliefs and values that propel the preferred behaviors and enable achievements company-wide. This is best accomplished through effective communication. Communication is the most important tool that organizations use to give rise to the organizations culture, and desired behaviors. Communication allows each member opportunity to fully understand the intent and purpose of the organizations commitment in the community. There are many levels and types of communication that organizations such as the American Red Cross can employ to help both employees and volunteers embrace purpose. Because the American Red Cross is an emergent ready preparedness organization, the ability to effectively communicate is very necessary and vital to all roles. For instance, the lead facilitator must be able to handle pressures of getting blood out to various parts of the world where verbal communication can have great impact on the perception of the organization. For instance, verbal communication may not always be face-to-face where these leaders may have to delegate or receive information via electronic methods. It is important for the communication not to over load the receiver with too much information, or gibberish, misleading the intent of the contact, or worse confusing the receiver. Other types of communication are non-verbal where a gesture can lead one to believe that the culture of an organization is rude or disruptive. Organizational culture and perception highly depends on communication as the American Red Cross needs to properly communicate with both employees and the community the Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (â€Å"The American Red Cross†, 2012). The American Red Cross has successfully accomplished such a mission statement and core values instilled in the members that bring about success. This organization has established two cultures: organizational and corporate which represents the same purpose, but have different approaches and can therefore present some conflict between the espoused and enacted values. Again, espoused values are the stated norms and values preferred by any given organization, while enacted values are those norms and values preformed by employees of the same company. The organizational culture of the American Red Cross as outlined on the webpage is to continue to prepare communities for various emergent situations, while saving lives – together. While some of the stated, preferred values of this organization are to be humanitarians by existing to serve others in need, independently and with the absence of discrimination; stewardship by acting responsibly, effectively, and effectively with the resources entrusted, while seeking ways to improve (â€Å"The American Red Cross†, 2012), the intent of he organization and overall success has proved values favorable, there are some instances where the American Red Cross has failed to maintain its values among its members. These behaviors are, of course, of isolated instances, none the less, have great impact on the perception of the services provided to a community. The main issue seems to lie in the types of culture practices among employees. For example, performance culture values individu al presentation, lacking team work and a major stated value of diversity. Each employee of this organization, while some being volunteers have not fully adopted in terms of deed the American Red Cross organizational culture to the point of selflessness. The American Red Cross is proud with being the leader in such selfless concerns as to integrity, customer satisfaction respect for individuals, positive response to change and stewardship (â€Å"The American Red Cross†, 2012). Reference: The American Red Cross. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. redcrossblood. org/info/midwest/mission-vision-values How to cite American Red Cross, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Singapore Population Policies free essay sample

After Independence in 1965, the population of the country was growing at a rate that would seriously threaten the success of Singapore. The Government introduced the Stop at two policy to help control the rapid population growth. It was introduced in 1969. The policy had a very successful response; in fact, it was so successful that the population started to decline. Couples saw the benefits in having a smaller family, such as more money, higher quality of life and cars. The population increase stayed low. Women started to pursue careers before having children. Before the policy was put into place, women were having 6 children on average. Why was the policy introduced? The Singaporean government introduced a stop at two policy, to help slow down the rapid population growth of Singapore in 1969. The government introduced this policy because they saw population growth as a threat to the living standards in Singapore, as children would pack school and medical facilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Singapore Population Policies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Women were having 6 children on average. The policy had a very positive response, not only did it make the population growth decline, it declined so much, that the population started to decrease. Now Singapore was faced with an Aging Population. Couple in Singapore saw the benefits of having a smaller family through Family Planning, which educated couples about having a family and children. Benefits such as more money, having a higher quality of life and cars became apparent to young couples. Women started to pursue careers before having children. Problems of the policy. * The policy introduced many problems, such as women pursuing careers before having children. Because of this policy, Singapore faced an aging population and had to introduce another policy to correct its mistakes. Furthermore, University graduated women failed to marry and bear children. University graduated men had to settle for less educated women, which was seen as a problem in Singapore. In 1986, a new policy was introduced, after Singapore saw that their population wasnt reproducing. This policy was called three or more, if you can afford it, which encouraged young couples to have more children, if they could afford it. The government introduced this policy because statistics told them that if nothing was done about the aging population, by 2030, one in five people would be over 65.